Steering & Suspension: Suspension Systems: Suspension system layouts
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Independent rear suspension layouts

Summary
There are several different layouts that use independent driven or 'live' axle rear suspension systems.

A number of different layouts are used in independent driven or 'live' axle rear suspension systems.


This independent driven or 'live' rear axle arrangement consists of: coil springs; flexible bushes; CV joints; external drive-shafts and semi-trailing arms.


This arrangement consists of: coil springs; drive shafts; cross member; universal joints and lower suspension link.


This arrangement consists of: coil springs & strut; splined sections; lateral wishbone and external drive shafts.


This independent driven or 'live' axle arrangement can be either front or rear suspension and consists of: torsion bar; upper wishbone; lower wishbone and torsion bar adjustment.