Steering & Suspension

Steering Systems	Steering principles	Steering systems; Principles of steering; Rack-and-pinion steering; Rack-and-pinion steering system; Recirculating ball & nut steering system; Four-wheel steering systems
	Steering boxes & columns	Steering columns; Rack-and-pinion gearbox; Helix; Variable ratio steering; Worm gearbox; Power steering; Steering process; Flow-control valve; Electric power assisted steering; Basic electric power steering operation
	Steering arms & components	Forward control vehicle steering; Steering linkages; Joints; Bushes/bushings
	Steering system procedures	Checking & adjusting power steering fluid; Pressure testing a power steering system; Flushing a power steering system; Inspecting & adjusting an engine drive belt; Servicing a steering system; Servicing wheel bearings

Suspension Systems	Suspension fundamental principles	Principles of suspension; Suspension force; Unsprung weight; Wheel unit location; Dampening
	Types of suspension	Suspension systems; Solid axle; Dead axle; Independent suspension; Rear independent suspension; Rear-wheel drive independent suspension; Adaptive air suspension; Adaptive air suspension operation
	Types of springs	Coil springs; Leaf springs; Torsion bars; Rubber springs
	Shock absorber types	Hydraulic shock absorbers; Gas-pressurized shock absorbers; Load-adjustable shock absorbers; Manual adjustable-rate shock absorbers; Electronic adjustable-rate shock absorbers; Automatic load-adjustable shock absorbers
	Front suspension types & components	Strut suspension; Short/long arm suspension; Torsion bar suspension
	Rear suspension types & components	Rigid axle leaf spring suspension; Rigid axle coil spring suspension; Independent type suspension; Rigid non-drive suspension
	Suspension system layouts	Driven rear suspension layouts; Non-driven rear suspension layouts; Independent rear suspension layouts; Front suspension layouts; Bushes/bushings; Arms & linkages
	Suspension system procedures	Checking shock absorbers; Changing shock absorbers; Lubricating a suspension system; Servicing a suspension system

Wheels & Tires	Wheel types & sizes	Wheels; Rim sizes & designations; Types of wheels
	Tire types & characteristics	Tires; Radial ply tires; Radial ply tire sidewalls; Tire pressure monitoring systems; Runflat tires; Space-saver tires; Tire distortion; Center of gravity
	Tire construction	Tire construction; Types of tire construction; Tire materials; Hysteresis; Tire sizes & designations; Tire information; Tire tread designs; Tire ratings for temperature & traction
	Wheel alignment fundamentals	Basic principles of wheel alignment; Caster; Camber; Scrub radius; Steering axis inclination; Toe-in & toe out; Toe-out on turns; Turning radius; Thrust angle & centerlines
	Wheels & tires procedures	Using a tire pressure gauge; Checking & adjusting tire pressure; Checking for tire wear patterns; Rotating tires; Removing a tire; Fitting a tire; Dynamic balancing a tire

Topic area	Topic group	Topic