A catalytic converter is used to convert unacceptable exhaust pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, certain hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen into less dangerous substances.
3-way converters convert hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide to water and carbon dioxide. They convert the oxides of nitrogen back into nitrogen and oxygen.
Older catalytic converters converted hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide to water and carbon dioxide, but were not able to convert the oxides of nitrogen.
A catalytic converter fits into an exhaust system like a muffler. It is located close to the exhaust manifold so that it can reach its operating temperature as soon as possible.
Leaded fuel must not be used in an engine with a catalytic converter because lead will contaminate the catalyst and prevent it doing its job.
It operates by starting and then maintaining a chemical reaction in the exhaust gases.
It usually operates at higher temperatures than a muffler.
It has a heat shield to prevent heat radiating to bodywork and other parts.
